Empress Myeongseong

9.14: EMPRESS MYEONGSEONG

Empress Myeongseong (Queen Min), born Min Ja-yeong in 1851, was the child bride of the young King Gojong of Korea. This was during the Joseon isolationist era, overseen by her father-in-law, the conservative regent Heungseon Daewongun. As foreign powers pressured the "Hermit Kingdom," a 1870s coup to sideline the regent lead to an era of modernization. Japan’s 1895 victory in the First Sino-Japanese War ended Chinese influence, and Queen Min’s secret appeals to Russia for aid provoked Tokyo. On October 8, 1895, Japanese Minister Miura Gorō orchestrated her assassination, unleashing a process that would lead to Japan annexing Korea in 1910.

Korean nationalist lore casts Queen Min as a heroic modernizer and defender against imperialism. But many scholars highlight the virtual inevitability of the peninsula’s subordination to one foreign power or another, her factionalism, and risky foreign intrigues. Her brutal murder nevertheless forged an enduring legend of resistance.